ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to develop the HPTLC fingerprint and to evaluate the in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of ethanol extract of leaves of Actinodaphne madraspatana Bedd [A. madraspatana]. HPTLC fingerprint analysis of ethanol extract was investigated by win CATS planar chromatography. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the various antioxidant assays, such as total antioxidant, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging. The antioxidant activity was compared to standard drug ascorbic acid. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by inhibition of albumin denaturation assay using aspirin as a standard drug. In-vitro anti-diabetic activity was evaluated by alpha -amylase inhibition assay using acarbose as a standard drug. The HPTLC fingerprint of ethanol extract has shown six peaks, which indicate the presence of six different phytocomponents. The in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of ethanol extract of plant leaves increased with the increasing of concentration. The result revealed that extract in all the concentration showed the in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities compared to standard drugs. The ethanol extract of leaves of A. madraspatana has a potential effect as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic in all the tested in-vitro methods
ABSTRACT
A simple, accurate and highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the rapid and accurate determination of fluvoxamine maleate (FXA) using bromocressol green (BCG), methyl orange (MO) and bromothymol blue (BTB). The developed methods involve formation of stable yellow colored chloroform extractable ion-associate complexes of the amino derivative (basic nitrogen) of the FXA with three sulphonphthalein acid dyes, namely; BCG, MO and BTB, in potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer pH 3.3, 3.6 and 3.4 respectively. The ion-associates exhibit absorption maxima at 420, 420 and 410 nm for BCG, MO and BTB, respectively. FXA can be determined up to 2.0–16, 2.0–15 and 2.0–20 μgmL−1 for BCG, MO and BTB, respectively. The effect of optimum conditions via pH on the ion pair formation, reagent concentration, time and temperature, and solvent was studied. The composition of the ion pairs was found 1:1 by Job’s method. The low relative standard deviation values indicate good precision and high recovery values. These methods have been successfully applied for the assay of FXA in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations and the results are in good agreement with those obtained by the official method.
ABSTRACT
A natural prodrug is a chemical compound or substance obtained from plants, microorganism, animal and marine sources. Natural products are small molecule source for Food and Drug Administration approved drugs and major sources for drug discovery. Most of the drugs for different ailment diseases undergo first pass metabolism, resulting in drug inactivation and the generation of toxic metabolites in body. Enormous numbers of prodrugs naturally present in plants, microorganism, animal and marine sources and those prodrugs undergoes chemical reaction to form non-toxic compounds. This review summarizes the list of prodrugs naturally present in the natural product.
ABSTRACT
A natural prodrug is a chemical compound or substance obtained from plants, microorganism, animal and marine sources. Natural products are small molecule source for Food and Drug Administration approved drugs and major sources for drug discovery. Most of the drugs for different ailment diseases undergo first pass metabolism, resulting in drug inactivation and the generation of toxic metabolites in body. Enormous numbers of prodrugs naturally present in plants, microorganism, animal and marine sources and those prodrugs undergoes chemical reaction to form non-toxic compounds. This review summarizes the list of prodrugs naturally present in the natural product.